Our feeding philosophy

We put careful thought into each of our ingredient choices and, when possible, we use research-backed information to support these choices. Our goal is to keep up-to-date on scientific studies related to pet nutrition, using this page to compile all we've learned.


Garlic

Garlic is a widely debated topic when it comes to its safety for dogs. While many people are aware that certain foods like chocolate and grapes can be toxic to dogs, the potential toxicity of garlic is less clear-cut. It's important to note that there is a significant difference between a safe amount and a toxic amount of garlic for dogs, and moderation is key. Here's an explanation of why garlic is not toxic for dogs when consumed in small, controlled amounts:

  • Garlic's active compounds: Garlic contains a compound called allicin, which is responsible for its distinct aroma and potential health benefits. However, it is also believed to be responsible for the potential toxicity associated with garlic. Allicin can damage red blood cells in large quantities, which may lead to a condition called hemolytic anemia in dogs.
  • Quantity matters: The key to understanding garlic's safety for dogs is the quantity consumed. A small amount of garlic, such as the trace amounts found in some commercial dog foods or occasional scraps from a meal, is unlikely to harm a dog. In fact, some pet owners use very small quantities of garlic as a natural remedy to repel fleas and ticks.
  • Toxicity threshold: The level at which garlic becomes toxic for dogs varies depending on the individual dog's size, age, and overall health. The general guideline is that a toxic dose would be relatively large, often requiring the ingestion of multiple cloves in one sitting or a consistent diet high in garlic over time. Toxicity is generally associated with a dose of 5 grams of garlic per kilogram of a dog's body weight.
  • Symptoms of garlic toxicity: If a dog consumes a toxic amount of garlic, they may exhibit symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lethargy, weakness, and pale gums. In severe cases, it can progress to more serious issues like hemolytic anemia, which can be life-threatening
  • Consult with a veterinarian: If you suspect your dog has ingested a potentially toxic amount of garlic, it's crucial to seek immediate veterinary attention. They can assess the situation and provide appropriate treatment.

In summary, small, occasional amounts of garlic are generally considered safe for dogs. However, it's essential to be cautious and not feed dogs large quantities of garlic or foods heavily seasoned with it. When in doubt, it's always a good idea to consult with your veterinarian regarding your dog's specific dietary needs and any concerns about potentially toxic foods.


Scientific research on garlic

While there is some scientific literature discussing the potential toxicity of garlic in dogs, it's important to note that the research on this topic is not entirely conclusive, and there is ongoing debate within the veterinary community. Here are a few studies that touch on the subject:

  1. Title: "Allium species poisoning in dogs and cats"

    This study provides an overview of Allium species (including garlic) poisoning in dogs and cats. It discusses the clinical signs and recommended treatments. However, it doesn't specify the exact quantities at which garlic becomes toxic.

  2. Title: "Hematologic changes associated with the appearance of eccentrocytes after intragastric administration of garlic extract to dogs"

    This study explores the hematologic changes associated with the ingestion of garlic extract in dogs. It notes the appearance of eccentrocytes, a type of red blood cell, and discusses potential mechanisms for garlic-induced hemolysis.

It's important to highlight that while these studies contribute to our understanding of the potential risks of garlic in dogs, the information available is not always consistent, and there may be variations in individual dogs' responses. The consensus among veterinarians is generally to err on the side of caution and avoid feeding dogs large amounts of garlic or related Allium species. Always consult with a veterinarian for personalized advice based on your specific pet's health and dietary needs.


Leafy greens

While there is limited direct scientific research specifically on the anti-cancer effects of leafy greens in dogs, several studies suggest that a diet rich in certain plant-based compounds found in leafy greens may contribute to overall health and potentially provide protective effects against cancer. Here's an explanation with supporting evidence:

  1. Phytochemicals and Antioxidants:

    • Leafy greens, such as kale, spinach, and broccoli, are rich in phytochemicals, including flavonoids, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. These compounds have antioxidant properties, which means they can neutralize free radicals in the body. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to the development of cancer.

    • Scientific Evidence:

      • A study titled "Dietary Polyphenols: Antioxidants or Not?" published in the Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 2009 discusses the antioxidant properties of polyphenols, which are abundant in leafy greens.

  2. Anti-Inflammatory Effects:

    • Chronic inflammation is linked to the development of various diseases, including cancer. Leafy greens contain compounds that exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, potentially reducing the risk of chronic inflammation-related diseases, including cancer.

    • Scientific Evidence:

      • The review article "Inflammation, Chronic Diseases, and Medication: Mechanisms for Prevention" in the Journal of Molecular Medicine discusses the role of inflammation in chronic diseases and the potential of anti-inflammatory agents in preventing disease.

  3. Detoxification and Immune Support:

    • Some leafy greens, such as cruciferous vegetables (e.g., kale, broccoli), contain compounds that support detoxification processes in the body. Additionally, they may enhance the immune system, providing additional defense against cancer development.

    • Scientific Evidence:

      • The study "Role of Cruciferous Vegetables in Cancer Prevention" in the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention discusses the potential cancer-preventive effects of cruciferous vegetables and their role in detoxification.

It's important to note that while these studies provide insights into the potential health benefits of the compounds found in leafy greens, individual responses to dietary components can vary. Additionally, a balanced and well-rounded diet, including consultation with a veterinarian, is crucial for a dog's overall health. Always consult with a veterinary professional before making significant changes to your dog's diet or introducing new foods.

 

Kefir

While specific scientific studies on the health benefits of grass-fed kefir for dogs may be limited, we can draw on existing research to highlight the potential advantages of certain components found in kefir. Grass-fed kefir, derived from milk obtained from grass-fed cows, may offer nutritional benefits for dogs. Here's an explanation with supporting evidence:

  1. Probiotics for Gut Health:

    • Kefir is a fermented dairy product that contains a variety of beneficial bacteria, commonly referred to as probiotics. Probiotics play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy balance of gut microflora, aiding digestion, and supporting the immune system.

    • Scientific Evidence:

      • The study "Probiotics, prebiotics, and the host microbiome: the science of translation" in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences provides an overview of the role of probiotics in promoting gut health.

  2. Bioactive Compounds in Grass-Fed Milk:

    • Milk from grass-fed cows may contain higher levels of certain bioactive compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). These compounds have been associated with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects and potential cardiovascular support.

    • Scientific Evidence:

      • The study "Fatty acid composition of forage grasses, legume, and forbs and implications for performance of meat animals" in the Animal Nutrition Journal discusses the fatty acid composition in forage, which can influence the nutritional content of milk.

  3. Nutrient Content:

    • Grass-fed kefir may provide a more nutrient-dense option compared to conventional kefir. It can contain higher levels of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, contributing to overall health and well-being.

    • Scientific Evidence:

      • The study "Effect of pasture versus indoor feeding systems on quality characteristics, nutritional composition, and sensory properties of Montbeliarde cow's milk" in the Journal of Dairy Science compares the nutritional composition of milk from cows raised on pasture versus indoor feeding systems.

While specific research on grass-fed kefir for dogs is limited, these studies provide a foundation for understanding the potential health benefits of the individual components found in grass-fed milk and fermented products. As always, it's crucial to consult with a veterinarian before introducing new foods into your dog's diet, considering factors such as the dog's individual health, dietary needs, and any potential allergies or sensitivities.